Let me start with this story…and I hope it doesn’t get me in
trouble if I go back to Northern Ireland.
My Dad, being the good Catholic man that he is, once gave me a tshirt that said “Catholics for a Free
Northern Ireland.” At the time I had NO idea the extent of what that t-shirt
stood for and it was only my time in Derry that put the real extent of that
shirt in context.
So to understand Derry I am going to attempt to highlight
major points of Derry history in three paragraphs (there will be lots of links
to learn more).
So to start out Derry is a place where history is present
and still defines everyday life. This all starts with Derry being a “walled”
city (the walls still exist and now while they are open and serve as an almost
elevated sidewalk, they still remind the people of the place’s history
everyday). In the 16th century the wall was used to keep the city's Protestants who were supporting William of Orange in his
battle against the Catholic King James II safe. The
Siege of Derry is the defining moment for the city and its walls in the 16th century. That sort of class and religious tension between Catholics and Protestants stays around (clearly I'm skipping a big piece of history) in
all sorts of forms until it all explodes in the late 60s and from that
explosion “The Troubles” really develop and shine an international light on
Ireland.
Several things happen in Derry in the late
1960s. In 1968
there is a Civil Rights March that becomes the first tide of change. The push
for Civil Rights in the late 1960s in Derry largely stems from “jim-crow” esq
voting restrictions that gave property holders a vote (and sometimes several
votes depending on how much property). Historically, Catholics in Derry had not
owned property and were treated like second class citizens. From an initial
march in 68’ tensions begin to swell then in early 69’ protesters are brutally
beaten on a
bridge as they march to Belfast. So by spring of 69’ when it comes
to
marching season (parade time mostly used by protestant groups) tensions explode. The Bogside, which is the Catholic side of Derry decides they have had enough and
for three days become what is know as Free Derry. They blockade the police from
coming in and take claim to their area and it becomes known as the
Battle of the Bogside.
Bogside, Derry
This was painted in 69' not long after the Battle of the Bogside
This stays true for several years as the Bogside becomes
known as a no-go area for protestant loyalist police and military. Derry history continues to make
international attention when
Bloody Sunday happens in 72' when a over a dozen civil
rights protesters are killed by British soldiers in the Bogside. Through the 70's
and 80's Derry was a really dangerous place because of IRA and paramilitary
activity of the two sides fighting for control of northern Ireland.
So that is a really rough and vague coverage of Derry
history. A few interesting things to note...
First, when trying to understand “The Troubles” from an
American perspective there is often the question of how much is really centered
around religion? Or is it really a republican vs. loyalists conflict? In 68’
when the first Civil Rights March happens nobody at that point is even talking
about loyalists v. republicans. At that point the Catholics simply want to feel
like full citizens of the UK. It really isn’t until 72' that the fight becomes
one attached to nationalism.
Second, 1968 is an incredible year around the world. In the USA, MLK and Bobby Kennedy are
assassinated and the Tet Offensive is happening in Vietnam. It is a
critical year of international unrest.
Third, the connection between what
happens in the American Civil Rights Movement in 62’-65’ and the impact it
has around the world in Derry, Ireland is something that I just can’t get over.
One Man One Vote was used in Derry just like it was in Mississippi.
Sooooo all this leads to my time in Derry. Here are a couple
things that I saw and heard that put into context just how much this divisive
history still defines everyday life in Derry.
Most neighborhoods have the curbs painted with colors that
show the neigborhood’s allegiance. In loyalist (pro-UK) neighborhoods the curbs
are painted red, white and blue while in republican (pro-Ireland) neighborhoods
the curbs are painted green, orange and white. The city is also filled with murals that depict the two sides of "The Troubles". Some of the murals have been created after the violence has ended but others actually served as neighborhood markers during the peak of violence (like the Free Derry sign above).
Notice the curb at the bottom and the mural in the very loyalist neighborhood
George Washington even made a mural in Derry
Not a great picture but MLK, Mother Theresa and Nelson Mandela-all in the Bogside!
I was told by several people before I went to Derry not to
openly talk about my faith or politics. So Dad, I'm glad I didn't bring my tshirt! Depending on who you talk to some
would say that the violence with “The Troubles” is over but others like a man
we talk to who lives in a Protestant neighborhood surrounded by Catholic
neighborhoods (and who has an extensive collection of UK military paraphernalia)
told us about rocks breaking his neighbors window just a few nights before.
Funny story. So Derick, being the good Wisconsin boy that he is, wanted a picture with the Miller bottle that you can barely see through the case. Then after taking the picture we both realized that the bottle is a petrol bomb that had been thrown in this Protestant loyalist neighborhood (the same neighborhood, and museum, where we saw the large stash of UK military paraphernalia). Suddenly the picture didn't seem as light hearted as the original...
I think there is probably some truth in both perspectives
that you hear. By no means is Derry faced with the violence that it once
was since the cease fire peace treaty in 1994 but this history is also still relatively new and it takes a long time for
communities to heal. I think about Sumner, MS and the work of the
Winter Institute in situations like these.
Derry is the exact sort of clash of the past and present
that makes me really attracted to places. Mississippi can be described in that
way (though in someways I think Mississippi has progressed more than I always
think) and South Africa has a similar story of relatively recent history.
Needless to say, I’m enthralled and next on my reading list
is a book about Derry.
Also this is a great
documentary that you can watch all the
sections on youtube!
self-timer again
OH and how could I forget, we stayed in a sweet little cottage on a farm and overall it was a fun weekend with sweet friends!
cheers,
Chelsea